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This module encapsulates the interface provided by the internal special
attributes (co_*, im_*, tb_*, etc.) in a friendlier fashion.
It also provides some help for examining source code and class layout.
Here are some of the useful functions provided by this module:
ismodule(), isclass(), ismethod(), isfunction(), isgeneratorfunction(),
isgenerator(), istraceback(), isframe(), iscode(), isbuiltin(),
isroutine() - check object types
getmembers() - get members of an object that satisfy a given condition
getfile(), getsourcefile(), getsource() - find an object's source code
getdoc(), getcomments() - get documentation on an object
getmodule() - determine the module that an object came from
getclasstree() - arrange classes so as to represent their hierarchy
getargvalues(), getcallargs() - get info about function arguments
getfullargspec() - same, with support for Python 3 features
formatargspec(), formatargvalues() - format an argument spec
getouterframes(), getinnerframes() - get info about frames
currentframe() - get the current stack frame
stack(), trace() - get info about frames on the stack or in a traceback
signature() - get a Signature object for the callable
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namedtuple OrderedDictZCO_ c C s t | tjS )zReturn true if the object is a module.
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Instance method objects provide these attributes:
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MethodType)r r
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This is new in Python 2.2, and, for example, is true of int.__add__.
An object passing this test has a __get__ attribute but not a __set__
attribute, but beyond that the set of attributes varies. __name__ is
usually sensible, and __doc__ often is.
Methods implemented via descriptors that also pass one of the other
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Data descriptors have both a __get__ and a __set__ attribute. Examples are
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modules.Fr
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r r s GetSetDescriptorTypec C s t | tjS )zReturn true if the object is a getset descriptor.
getset descriptors are specialized descriptors defined in extension
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getset descriptors are specialized descriptors defined in extension
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r r s c C s t | tjS )a( Return true if the object is a user-defined function.
Function objects provide these attributes:
__doc__ documentation string
__name__ name with which this function was defined
__code__ code object containing compiled function bytecode
__defaults__ tuple of any default values for arguments
__globals__ global namespace in which this function was defined
__annotations__ dict of parameter annotations
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close raises a new GeneratorExit exception inside the
generator to terminate the iteration
gi_code code object
gi_frame frame object or possibly None once the generator has
been exhausted
gi_running set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
next return the next item from the container
send resumes the generator and "sends" a value that becomes
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r isgenerator s r) c C s t | tjS )z)Return true if the object is a coroutine.)r r
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S )z?Return true if object can be passed to an ``await`` expression.) r r
r* r( r gi_coder" ZCO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE collectionsabc Awaitable)r r
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r isawaitable s r0 c C s t | tjS )ab Return true if the object is a traceback.
Traceback objects provide these attributes:
tb_frame frame object at this level
tb_lasti index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
tb_lineno current line number in Python source code
tb_next next inner traceback object (called by this level))r r
TracebackType)r r
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Frame objects provide these attributes:
f_back next outer frame object (this frame's caller)
f_builtins built-in namespace seen by this frame
f_code code object being executed in this frame
f_globals global namespace seen by this frame
f_lasti index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
f_lineno current line number in Python source code
f_locals local namespace seen by this frame
f_trace tracing function for this frame, or None)r r
FrameType)r r
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r isframe s r4 c C s t | tjS )aE Return true if the object is a code object.
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co_argcount number of arguments (not including *, ** args
or keyword only arguments)
co_code string of raw compiled bytecode
co_cellvars tuple of names of cell variables
co_consts tuple of constants used in the bytecode
co_filename name of file in which this code object was created
co_firstlineno number of first line in Python source code
co_flags bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg | 8=**arg
| 16=nested | 32=generator | 64=nofree | 128=coroutine
| 256=iterable_coroutine | 512=async_generator
co_freevars tuple of names of free variables
co_kwonlyargcount number of keyword only arguments (not including ** arg)
co_lnotab encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
co_name name with which this code object was defined
co_names tuple of names of local variables
co_nlocals number of local variables
co_stacksize virtual machine stack space required
co_varnames tuple of names of arguments and local variables)r r
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'class method' created via classmethod()
'static method' created via staticmethod()
'property' created via property()
'method' any other flavor of method or descriptor
'data' not a method
2. The class which defined this attribute (a class).
3. The object as obtained by calling getattr; if this fails, or if the
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dict (found by walking the mro).
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r c C sb t | } t| \}}t| r"| j} t| s>t| rF| jjdkrF|dfS t||d |d fS dS )a Return a list of source lines and starting line number for an object.
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r getsource s r c C sV g }| j tddd x:| D ]2}|j||jf ||kr |jt|| || q W |S )z-Recursive helper function for getclasstree().r r )rI )rQ r rN rC walktree)classeschildrenparentrS r r
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r getargs s r c C s t | stdj| | j}| j}| j}t|d| }t|||| }d}||7 }d}| jt@ rx| j| }|d }d}| jt @ r| j| }||||fS )a Get information about the arguments accepted by a code object.
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